Cold weather affects a vehicle’s battery, tire pressure, visibility, and the supplies you may need if a trip is delayed. A winter car preparation checklist is useful even if you rarely drive through snow: freezing rain, a stalled vehicle, or a long wait for help can happen on an ordinary commute. Before the season changes, review your owner’s manual and the local forecast, then use these checks as a starting point.
Check tires before temperatures fall
Measure tire pressure when the tires are cold and adjust it to the vehicle manufacturer’s specification, usually on the driver’s door placard. Inspect tread and visible damage. If your area regularly sees ice or snow, ask a qualified tire professional whether winter tires are appropriate. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) winter driving guidance covers tire condition and other vehicle checks. Do not use the maximum pressure printed on the tire sidewall as the routine target for your car.
Test the battery and charging system
A weak battery may struggle to start the engine in cold weather. If the starter turns slowly, the battery is old, or you have had recent electrical trouble, ask a mechanic to test it. Clean and secure battery connections only if you know the safe procedure for your vehicle; battery work can involve electrical and chemical hazards.
Make sure you can see and be seen
Replace worn wiper blades and top up washer fluid rated for the temperatures you expect. Check headlights, brake lights, turn signals, defrosters, and heating. Clear snow and ice from all windows, lights, and the roof before driving. Never use hot water on a frozen windshield, which could damage glass. Keep a scraper in the car.
Review fluids and routine maintenance
Follow the owner’s manual for engine oil, coolant mixture, and scheduled service. A mechanic can inspect brakes, belts, hoses, and leaks before a long winter trip. Keep enough fuel or battery charge for your route, and know how cold weather affects the range of an electric vehicle.
Pack for an unexpected stop
Ready.gov’s emergency car kit suggests jumper cables, a reflective triangle or flares, an ice scraper, a charger, a blanket, and traction material such as sand or cat litter. Add water, shelf-stable snacks, gloves, warm clothes, and any medicines you need. Store items safely and check them regularly. For household planning beyond the vehicle, see our guide to conserving water and energy.
Before each winter drive
Check the forecast and road conditions. Let someone know your route when traveling in remote areas, carry a charged phone, and delay a trip when officials advise against travel. The Ready.gov winter weather guide explains how to prepare for winter storms.
Frequently asked questions
When should I check tire pressure?
Check it regularly, particularly after a major temperature change, using the pressure specified for your vehicle.
What belongs in a winter car kit?
At minimum, consider visibility and traction tools, a charger, warm layers, water, food, and the supplies needed by your passengers.
